Medical and Health Care

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

01

Shortness of Breath (Dyspnoea)

Differential

Urgent Tests

Differential

PE (sudden, pleuritic pain)

Urgent Tests

D-Dimer, ABG, troponin, coagulation, CT-PA contrast

Differential

Pneumonia

Urgent Tests

FBC, CRP, sputum MCS, procalcitonin, blood cultures

Differential

Heart Failure

Urgent Tests

NT-proBNP, troponin, U&E, CXR

Differential

Asthma/COPD

Urgent Tests

eosinophils, IgE RAST, ABG (severe)

Differential

Interstitial Lung Disease

Urgent Tests

ANA, ENA, rheumatoid factor, ACE level

Differential

TB (chronic)

Urgent Tests

IGRA, sputum AFB ×3, TB PCR

Red Flags for ICU

RR > 30, sats < 90%, silent chest, cyanosis

02

Haemoptysis

Causes

Investigations

Cause

TB

Investigations

AFB ×3, TB PCR, IGRA, ESR

Cause

Lung cancer

Investigations

LDH, sputum cytology, tumour markers (rare use), PET-CT

Cause

Bronchiectasis

Investigations

CRP, immunoglobulins, IgG subclasses

Cause

PE

Investigations

D-dimer, troponin, ABG

Urgent if massive bleeding > 200mL/24hrs