Medical and Health Care

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CARDIOVASCULAR

01

Chest Pain (Breakdown of Differential)

Type

Likely Diagnosis

Lab Investigations

Type

Crushing/central + radiation to arm/jaw

Likely Diagnosis

ACS/MI

Lab Investigations

Serial troponin T/I, CK-MB, coagulation

Type

Sharp pain + better sitting fwd

Likely Diagnosis

Pericarditis

Lab Investigations

CRP, trop mild ↑, viral serology

Type

Short breath + pleuritic

Likely Diagnosis

Pulmonary embolism

Lab Investigations

D-dimer → CT-PA

Type

Severe tearing to back

Likely Diagnosis

Aortic dissection

Lab Investigations

Crossmatch blood, CRP, ECG (nondiagnostic but supportive)

Additional

Lipids, HbA1c, BNP

ESR for pericarditis

Red Flag

ST elevation + raised troponin = activate reperfusion pathway

02

Palpitations

Causes

Blood tests

Cause

AF/SVT

Blood tests

TFTs, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, FBC

Cause

Thyrotoxicosis

Blood tests

TSH low + Free T3/T4 high

Cause

Anaemia

Blood tests

FBC & film

Cause

POTS

Blood tests

Morning cortisol, iron + ferritin

03

Leg Swelling

Diagnosis

Tests

Diagnosis

DVT

Tests

D-dimer, coagulation, FBC

Diagnosis

Heart failure

Tests

BNP, U&E, LFT, albumin

Diagnosis

Nephrotic syndrome

Tests

Urine ACR/PCR, albumin LOW

Diagnosis

Liver cirrhosis

Tests

LFT (↑ALT, ↑AST), INR, bilirubin