Medical and Health Care

Nam augue velit, fermentum sed erat non, efficitur interdum lectus. Donec hendrerit lorem a dui euismod tempus. Vivamus auctor blandit tellus et interdum.

GASTROINTESTINAL

01

Abdominal Pain by Quadrant + Tests

Quadrant Probable Cause

Investigations

Quadrant Probable Cause

RUQGallstones, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholangitis

Investigations

LFT pattern, GGT, bilirubin, amylase/lipase

Quadrant Probable Cause

Epigastric Peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, MI

Investigations

Lipase >amylase, troponin, H. pylori stool antigen

Quadrant Probable Cause

RLQAppendicitis, Crohn’s, ectopic pregnancy

Investigations

CRP, serum hCG, faecal calprotectin

Quadrant Probable Cause

LLQDiverticulitis, IBS, colitis

Investigations

FBC, CRP, stool culture, FIT

General panels

FBC, U&E, LFT, CRP and amylase/lipase

Stool MCS, faecal occult blood and faecal elastase

Red flags

Rebound tenderness

Rigid abdomen

Peritonitis → SURGICAL

02

GI Bleeding

Presentation

Cause

Pathology

Presentation

Haematemesis

Cause

Varices, ulcers

Pathology

CT head (non-contrast), LP xanthochromia after 12h

Presentation

Melaena hobia + neck stiff

Cause

Upper GI bleed common iron studies, urea↑

Pathology

CT head (non-contrast), LP xanthochromia after 12h

Presentation

Bright red PR bleed

Cause

Haemorrhoids vs cancer

Pathology

FIT test, CEA, faecal calprotectin

03

Diarrhoea

Condition

Investigations

Condition

IBD

Investigations

Faecal calprotectin, ESR, CRP, ANCA

Condition

Coeliac

Investigations

tTG-IgA + total IgA

Condition

Pancreatic insufficiency

Investigations

Faecal elastase

Condition

C. difficile

Investigations

stool toxin PCR